Spotlight on Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer: An In Silico Analysis to Identify Potential lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-Target Axis
Date
2022-07Type
ArticleAuthor
Ashekyan, Ohanes
Abdallah, Samira
Al Shoukari, Ayman
Chamandi, Ghada
Choubassy, Hayat
S. Itani, Abdul Rahman
Alwan, Nisreen
Nasr, Rihab
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
: Breast cancer (BC) has recently become the most common cancer type worldwide, with
metastatic disease being the main reason for disease mortality. This has brought about strategies
for early detection, especially the utilization of minimally invasive biomarkers found in various
bodily fluids. Exosomes have been proposed as novel extracellular vesicles, readily detectable in
bodily fluids, secreted from BC-cells or BC-tumor microenvironment cells, and capable of conferring
cellular signals over long distances via various cargo molecules. This cargo is composed of different
biomolecules, among which are the novel non-coding genome products, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and the recently discovered circular RNA (circRNA), all of
which were found to be implicated in BC pathology. In this review, the diverse roles of the ncRNA
cargo of BC-derived exosomes will be discussed, shedding light on their primarily oncogenic and
additionally tumor suppressor roles at different levels of BC tumor progression, and drug sensitivity/resistance, along with presenting their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarker potential.
Finally, benefiting from the miRNA sponging mechanism of action of lncRNAs and circRNAs, we
established an experimentally validated breast cancer exosomal non-coding RNAs-regulated target
gene axis from already published exosomal ncRNAs in BC. The resulting genes, pathways, gene
ontology (GO) terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis could be a
starting point to better understand BC and may pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic
and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutics. : Breast cancer (BC) has recently become the most common cancer type worldwide, with
metastatic disease being the main reason for disease mortality. This has brought about strategies
for early detection, especially the utilization of minimally invasive biomarkers found in various
bodily fluids. Exosomes have been proposed as novel extracellular vesicles, readily detectable in
bodily fluids, secreted from BC-cells or BC-tumor microenvironment cells, and capable of conferring
cellular signals over long distances via various cargo molecules. This cargo is composed of different
biomolecules, among which are the novel non-coding genome products, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and the recently discovered circular RNA (circRNA), all of
which were found to be implicated in BC pathology. In this review, the diverse roles of the ncRNA
cargo of BC-derived exosomes will be discussed, shedding light on their primarily oncogenic and
additionally tumor suppressor roles at different levels of BC tumor progression, and drug sensitivity/resistance, along with presenting their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarker potential.
Finally, benefiting from the miRNA sponging mechanism of action of lncRNAs and circRNAs, we
established an experimentally validated breast cancer exosomal non-coding RNAs-regulated target
gene axis from already published exosomal ncRNAs in BC. The resulting genes, pathways, gene
ontology (GO) terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis could be a
starting point to better understand BC and may pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic
and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutics.