Browsing Environmental Science by Author "ETAL.."
Now showing items 1-5 of 5
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Attitude towards Recycling Among Business Undergraduate Students in Malaysia
Osman, Abdullah; Md Isa, Filzah; Othman, Siti Norezam; ETAL.. (AENSI, 2015-01)Pro-environmental concern is vital to each nation for continuous survival of future generations. Universities in Malaysia should inculcate pro-environmental behaviour among students since they are the future managers who ... -
Imidazole, a new tunable reagent for producing nanocellulose, part I: Xylan-coated CNCs and CNFs
Mao, Jia; Abushammala, Hatem; Hettegger, Hubert; ETAL.. (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2017-10)Imidazole is reported to be an effective reactant for the production of nanocellulose from hardwood pulp. The morphologies and surface properties of the nanocellulose can be simply tailored according to the water content ... -
On the mechanism of the unwanted acetylation of polysaccharides by 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids: part 1—analysis, acetylating agent, influence of water, and mechanistic considerations
Zweckmair, Thomas; Hettegger, Hubert; Abushammala, Hatem; Bacher, Markus; ETAL.. (Springer, 2015-09)The acetylating action of ionic liquids frequently used in biomass and polysaccharide processing, namely 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetates, on cellulose has been studied. Analysis was based on an accurate method to quantify ... -
On the mechanism of the unwanted acetylation of polysaccharides by 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids: part 2—the impact of lignin on the kinetics of cellulose acetylation
Abushammala, Hatem; Hettegger, Hubert; Bacher, Markus; ETAL.. (Springer, 2017-10)Cellulose acetylation has been reported as a side reaction of cellulose treatment with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm][OAc]) (Karatzos et al. in Cellulose 19:307–312, 2012) and other ... -
Swelling, viscoelastic, and anatomical studies on ionic liquid-swollen Norway spruce as a screening tool toward ionosolv pulping
Abushammala, Hatem; Pontes, Jorge F; Gomes, Gustavo H; Osorio-Madrazo, Anayancy; ETAL.. (De Gruyter, 2015-11)To screen ionic liquid (IL) candidates for wood ionosolv pulping, swelling and viscoelastic studies on Norway spruce wood treated with ionic liquids have been conducted. In particular, the temperature dependency and kinetics ...