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A review of the surface modification of cellulose and nanocellulose using aliphatic and aromatic mono-and di-isocyanates
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019-01)
Nanocellulose has been subjected to a wide range of chemical modifications towards increasing its potential in certain fields of interest. These modifications either modulated the chemistry of the nanocellulose itself or ...
On the mechanism of the unwanted acetylation of polysaccharides by 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids: part 1—analysis, acetylating agent, influence of water, and mechanistic considerations
(Springer, 2015-09)
The acetylating action of ionic liquids frequently used in biomass and polysaccharide processing, namely 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetates, on cellulose has been studied. Analysis was based on an accurate method to quantify ...
Comparative assessment of methods for producing cellulose I nanocrystals from cellulosic sources
(American Chemical Society, 2017)
Current environmental concerns foster a strong interest in extracting polymers and building-blocks from lignocellulosic biomass. Among these, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have raised both academic and industrial interest ...
Combining steam explosion with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazlium acetate treatment of wood yields lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals of high aspect ratio
(Springer Netherlands, 2016-07)
Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from the tropical wood Angelim Vermelho in a yield of 47 % based on wood cellulose content. The procedure combined a mild steam explosion process with a treatment ...
Imidazole, a new tunable reagent for producing nanocellulose, part I: Xylan-coated CNCs and CNFs
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2017-10)
Imidazole is reported to be an effective reactant for the production of nanocellulose from hardwood pulp. The morphologies and surface properties of the nanocellulose can be simply tailored according to the water content ...
Acid mediated networked cellulose: preparation and characterization
(Elsevier, 2011)
High-yield networked cellulose (NC) material was prepared by sulfuric acid dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and regeneration in ethanol. The dissolution was studied by varying treatment temperature and time ...
On the mechanism of the unwanted acetylation of polysaccharides by 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids: part 2—the impact of lignin on the kinetics of cellulose acetylation
(Springer, 2017-10)
Cellulose acetylation has been reported as a side reaction of cellulose treatment with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm][OAc]) (Karatzos et al. in Cellulose 19:307–312, 2012) and other ...
Swelling and hydrolysis kinetics of Kraft pulp fibers in aqueous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate solutions
(Elsevier, 2016-11)
1Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim]HSO4) is efficient at extracting cellulose nanocrystals from pulp fibers. To shed some light on the respective contributions of swelling and hydrolysis of pulp fibers by ...
On the para/ortho reactivity of isocyanate groups during the carbamation of cellulose nanocrystals using 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019-09)
2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) has been commonly used to bind molecules and polymers onto the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Such a process usually involves two steps: (1) the more reactive para-isocyanates ...
A simple method for the quantification of free isocyanates on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals upon carbamation using toluene diisocyanate
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019-06)
In many reports, cellulose and nanocellulose have been carbamated using 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) to allow the grafting of molecules or polymers onto their surfaces. Such a process usually involves the reaction ...